Mid-term effectiveness of arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion lesion / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mid-term effectiveness of arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair for partial articular-sided supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesion.@*METHODS@#A clinical data of 39 patients with PASTA lesions, who underwent the arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair and met the selected criteria between May 2017 and April 2021, was retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 26 females, with an average age of 63.7 years (range, 43-76 years). Nine patients underwent trauma history, and no obvious inducement was found in the other 30 patients. The main clinical symptom was shoulder pain with positive hug resistance test. The interval from symptom onset to operation was 3-21 months (mean, 8.3 months). The visual analogue scale (VAS) score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score, American Association of Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score and shoulder range of motion (ROM) of forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation were used to evaluate shoulder function. MRI was performed to assess the structural integrity and tension of reattached tendon. Patient satisfactions were calculated at last follow-up.@*RESULTS@#All incisions healed by first intention with no complications such as incision infection or nerve injury. All patients were followed up 24-71 months (mean, 46.9 months). The VAS, UCLA, and ASES scores significantly improved at 24 months after operation when compared with preoperative ones ( P<0.05). The ROMs of forward flexion and external rotation of the shoulder joint significantly increased at 3 and 24 months, and further increased at 24 months compared to 3 months, with significant differences ( P<0.05). However, the ROM of abduction of the shoulder joint at 3 months did not significantly improve compared with that before operation ( P>0.05), and it was significantly greater at 24 months than before operation and at 3 months after operation ( P<0.05). At last follow-up, the patients were very satisfied with the effectiveness in 30 cases (76.9%), satisfied in 5 cases (12.8%), and dissatisfied in 4 cases (10.3%). At 6 months after operation, 31 patients underwent reviews of MRI scans, of which 28 patients possessed intact structural integrity, good tendon tension and tendon healing, and 3 patients underwent tendon re-tear.@*CONCLUSION@#Arthroscopic "mini incision" transtendon repair in treatment of PASTA lesion could obtain satisfying mid-term effectiveness with low risk of tendon re-tear.

Comparison of medium-term clinical effects of arthroscopic double row repair between traumatic and degenerative medium supraspinatus tear / 中华创伤骨科杂志

Objective:To compare the medium-term clinical effects of arthroscopic double row repair between traumatic and degenerative medium supraspinatus tear.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 23 patients who had been treated for traumatic or degenerative medium supraspinatus tear by the same arthroscopic double row repair and postoperative rehabilitation at Sports Medicine Center, The First Hospital Affiliated to Army Medical University between January 2015 and August 2020. They were assigned into 2 groups according to different tears. In the traumatic group of 8 cases of traumatic medium supraspinatus tear, there were 5 males and 3 females with an age of (46.1±4.3) years and a tear size of (1.3±1.0) cm 2. In the degenerative group of 15 cases of degenerative medium supraspinatus tear, there were 4 males and 11 females with an age of (59.9±8.1) years and a tear size of (4.1±1.1) cm 2. At preoperation and the last follow-up, the shoulder pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS), and the shoulder function by American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score and Simple Shoulder Test (SST); the improvements in active range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder were recorded at the last follow-up. Results:The 2 groups were comparable because there was no significant difference between them in the general clinical data ( P>0.05). The traumatic and degenerative groups were followed up for (40.3±11.2) and (36.4±12.4) months, respectively. At the last follow-up, the improvements in range of anterior flexion and internal rotation vertebral rank in the degenerative group [55.3°±33.6° and (4.1±1.3) ranks] were significantly greater than those in the traumatic group [27.5°±22.5° and (2.3±1.9) ranks] ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the VAS, ASES, Constant-Murley, and SST scores in the degenerative group were improved respectively by (3.7±0.8), (40.9±14.0), (38.4±9.4), and (6.5±1.4) points compared with their preoperative values, significantly greater than those in the traumatic group [(2.3±0.7), (19.6±14.6), (19.2±7.9), and (3.8±0.7) points] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Arthroscopic double row repair can achieve significant medium-term improvements in shoulder function for both traumatic and degenerative medium supraspinatus tears, but the improvements may be grater for the degenerative ones.

Efectividad de la terapia por ondas de choque en lesiones de tendones y ligamentos del sistema osteomioarticular / Effectiveness of Shock Wave Therapy in Tendon and Ligament Injuries of the Osteomioarticular System

Introducción: Por más de 20 años la litotricia extracorpórea se ha aplicado con éxito en el mundo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de la terapia por ondas de choque en el tratamiento a pacientes que presentan lesiones en los tendones y ligamentos del sistema osteomioarticular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, con 107 pacientes diagnosticados con lesiones en los tendones y ligamentos del sistema osteomioarticular, los cuales fueron tratados con el equipo Well Wave (ondas de choque extracorpóreas) en el Complejo Científico Ortopédico Internacional Frank País, en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2019 y abril de 2020. Se realizó el análisis de las variables edad, sexo, dolor y discapacidad. Se obtuvieron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, y con ellas se confeccionaron las tablas que resumen la información estadística de la investigación. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (71,9 por ciento), de 51 - 60 años (28 por ciento). El 40,2 por ciento de los pacientes fueron atendidos por presentar una tendinitis del supraespinoso. Todos los pacientes presentaban dolor antes de la aplicación de la terapia. Luego del tratamiento el 78,5 por ciento de los enfermos dejaron de sentirlo y el 71 por ciento presentó ausencia de discapacidad según escala de DASH. Según los criterios de evaluación de la respuesta al tratamiento los resultados fueron satisfactorios en el 56 por ciento de los pacientes. Conclusiones: La terapia con las ondas de choque posibilitó una rápida recuperación de los pacientes atendidos y su incorporación a las actividades diarias(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Over more than 20 years, extracorporeal lithotripsy has been successfully used worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of shock wave therapy in the treatment of patients with injuries to the tendons and ligaments of the osteomioarticular system. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out with 107 patients diagnosed with injuries to the tendons and ligaments of the osteomioarticular system. These subjects were treated with the Well Wave equipment (extracorporeal shock waves) at Frank País International Orthopedic Scientific Center, from March 2019 to April 2020. The variables age, sex, pain and disability were analyzed. Absolute and relative frequencies were obtained, and the results of statistical information of the investigation was shown in summarizing tables. Results: The female sex prevailed (71.9percent), 51 - 60 years old (28 percent). 40.2 percent of the patients were treated for supraspinatus tendinitis. All patients had pain before the use of therapy. After treatment, 78.5 percent of the patients stopped feeling pain and 71 percent showed no disability according to DASH scale. According to the treatment response evaluation criteria, the results were satisfactory in 56percent of the patients. Conclusions: This therapy enabled rapid recovery of the patients treated and their integration into daily activities(AU)

Diagnostic value of physical examination tests for supraspinatus tendon tears / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the diagnostic value of 6 conventional physical examination tests for the diagnosis of supraspinatus tendon tears, and how well they could tell the difference between partial-and full-thickness tears.@*METHODS@#A total of 91 patients with different shoulder symptoms who received shoulder arthroscopic procedure were enrolled in the study from June 2017 to September 2020. The intraoperative findings were compared with the results of the preoperative physical examination of 6 clinical tests, including the Hug-up test, the Jobe test, the 0°abduction test, the drop arm test, the Neer test, and the Hawkins test, to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy, positive and negative likelihood ratio of each test.@*RESULTS@#By arthroscopy, a total of 44 full-thickness tears, 34 partial-thickness tears, and 13 intact supraspinatus tendons were found in all 91 cases. The Hug-up and the Jobe tests significantly correlated with the intraoperative findings. The sensitivity of the Hug-up test, the Jobe test, the 0° abduction test, the drop arm test, the Neer test, and the Hawkins test was 0.90, 0.79, 0.64, 0.42, 0.49, 0.24 respectively;the specificity was 0.61, 0.69, 0.54, 0.38, 0.31, 0.77;the positive predictive value was 0.93, 0.94, 0.89, 0.80, 0.81, 0.86;the negative predictive value was 0.50, 0.36, 0.20, 0.10, 0.09, 0.14;the accuracy was 0.86, 0.78, 0.63, 0.42, 0.46, 0.32;the positive likelihood ratio was 2.30, 2.58, 1.39, 0.69, 0.71, 1.06;and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.16, 0.30, 0.67, 1.50, 1.65, 0.98.@*CONCLUSION@#The Jobe test and the Hug-up test are both effective at accurately diagnosing supraspinatus tendon tears, the Hug-up test detects supraspinatus tears with a high sensitivity, and similar specificity. The tests assessed in this study are not capable of distinguish between partial-and full thickness supraspinatus tendon tears.

Shoulder MRI evaluation of the association of os acromiale with supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the MRI findings of os acromiale and to analyze the relationship between os acromiale and the supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury.@*METHODS@#From January 2010 to August 2020, 21 patients with os acromiale (os arcomiale group) were compared with 21 subjects with no evidence of os acromiale (no os arcomiale group). There were 14 males and 7 females in the os arcomiate group, aged from 29 to 77 years old, mean aged (55.5±11.5) years old. While in the control group, there were 10 males and 11 females in no os arcomiale group, aged from 31 to 70 years old, mean aged (51.1±10.0) years old. The os acromiales were classified as edematous os acromiale or non-edematous os acromiale based on whether the presence of marrow edema, and as displaced os acromiale or non-displaced os acromiale based on whether the presence of displacement of the os acromiale. The MRI features of os acromiale were analyzed. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the differences between the os arcomiale group and no os arcomiale group regarding rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury. Differences in the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear between the edematous and non-edematous os acromiale group, the displaced and non-displaced os acromiale group, the displaced os acromiale and no os arcomiale group were also assessed.@*RESULTS@#On MRI, all the 21 os acromiales appeared as a triangular or irregular bone fragment of the distal acromion, and forms a pseudo-acromioclavicular joint with the acromion. Eleven cases were edematous os acromiale, 11 cases were displaced os acromiale. In the os arcomiale group, 17 had supraspinatus tear, 1 had supraspinatus tendinitis, 11 had infraspinatus tear, and 4 had infraspinatus tendinitis. In the no os arcomiale group, 11 had supraspinatus tear, 2 had supraspinatus tendinitis, 5 had infraspinatus tear, and 1 had infraspinatus tendinitis. No statistically significant difference between the os arcomiale group and no os arcomiale group regarding the rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus and infraspinatus injury (P>0.05). In the 11 cases of edematous os arcomiale, 10 had supraspinatus tear and 7 had infraspinatus tear. In the 10 cases of non-edematous os acromiale, 7 had supraspinatus tear and 4 had infraspinatus tear. No statistically significant difference was noted between the edematous os acromiale and non-edematous os acromiale in terms of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear (P>0.05). In the 11 cases of displaced os acromiale, 11 had supraspinatus tear and 9 had infraspinatus tear. In the 10 cases of non-displaced os acromiale, 6 had supraspinatus tear and 2 had infraspinatus tear. In the no os arcomiale group, 11 had supraspinatus tear and 5 had infraspinatus tear. There was a statistically significant increases in the prevalence of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear in the displaced os acromiale group compared with non-displaced os acromiale group, the displaced os acromiale group and no os arcomiale group(P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Shoulder MRI can very well depict os acromiale and can reveal associated abnormalities such as adjacent bone marrow edema, displaced deformity, and rotator cuff tear, and it can be used to assess the stability of the os acromiale. The presence of os acromiale may not increase the risk of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear significantly. However, the presence of displaced os acromiale is at greater risk of supraspinatus and infraspinatus tear.

Rupturas del tendón del supraespinoso: correlación entre RMN y hallazgos quirúrgicos / Supraspinatus tendon ruptures: correlation between MRI and surgical findings

Resumen: Introducción: En la ruptura del manguito de los rotadores, el tendón del supraespinoso ocupa el primer lugar en frecuencia. La resonancia magnética es el estudio de elección para el diagnóstico y planificación preoperatoria. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la concordancia entre los hallazgos observados con la IRM y los hallazgos transoperatorios en pacientes con ruptura del tendón del supraespinoso. Material y métodos: Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de Enero de 2014 a Enero de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años, con IRM y reporte de ruptura del tendón del supraespinoso. Se realizó un análisis de χ2 para la sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos y certeza diagnóstica utilizando los hallazgos quirúrgicos como referencia. Se utilizó el índice de Kappa para mostrar la concordancia entre IRM y hallazgos transoperatorios. Resultados: Un total de 79 pacientes se incluyeron en el estudio, 45 masculinos y 34 femeninos. La edad promedio fue de 52.14 años. La IRM diagnosticó correctamente 60.76% de las rupturas del supraespinoso, mostró una sensibilidad de 74% y especificidad de 96% para rupturas completas. Para rupturas parciales mostró una sensibilidad de 96% y una especificidad de 33%. El índice de Kappa mostró una concordancia de 0.90 para rupturas totales y de 0.53 para rupturas parciales. Conclusiones: La resonancia magnética demostró una buena sensibilidad y especificidad para el diagnóstico de rupturas completas, con una buena concordancia con los hallazgos quirúrgicos. La IRM demostró ser un estudio poco específico para la identificación de rupturas parciales, lo cual genera que estas lesiones estén sobrediagnosticadas.

Abstract: Introduction: In rotator cuff rupture, the supraspinatus tendon ranks first in frequency. MRI is the study of choice for preoperative diagnosis and planning. The objective of this study was to assess the concordance between findings observed with MRI and transoperative in patients with supraspinatus tendon rupture. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2014 to January 2020. Including patients over the age of 18, with MRI and supraspinatus tendon rupture report. A χ2 analysis was performed for sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and diagnostic certainty using surgical findings as a reference. The kappa index was used to show the concordance between MRI and transoperative findings. Results: A total of 79 patients were included in the study, 45 male and 34 female. The average age was 52.14 years. MRI correctly diagnosed 60.76% of supraspinatus ruptures, showing 74% sensitivity and 96% specificity for complete ruptures. For partial ruptures I show a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 33%. The kappa index showed a match of 0.90 for total ruptures and 0.53 for partial. Conclusions: MRI demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing complete ruptures, with good match to surgical findings. MRI proved to be a non-specific study for the identification of partial ruptures, which causes these lesions to be overdiagnosed.

Impact of Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Program on Post-Operative Stiffness of Supraspinatus Tendinitis.

In the general population, shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal problem. Older people are frequently affected, and the most common causes of shoulder pain are the problems with rotator cuffs which are seen in primary care practice. The incidence of rotator cuff tear increases with advanced age and it has been estimated that the prevalence of shoulder pain in older patients ranges from 21% to 27%.(1)Tendons are thick, fibrous tissues that transmits muscle-generated force to the bones and thus generates joint movement. Repeated activities and complex muscle-tendon overuse can damage tendons that lead to pain and decrease function.(2)The supraspinatus muscle is a part of the rotator cuff of shoulder.(3) The inflammation of a muscle tendon causes tendinitis and it has varying levels of pain. Supraspinatus tendonitis is an inflammation of supraspinatus tendon often associated with shoulder impingement syndrome.(4) The Supraspinatus tear that causes the supraspinatus tendon to affect the acromion leading to pain is the cause of Supraspinatus Tendinitis. The main cause of the Supraspinatus tear is constant pressure, increased workload and wear and tear associated with age.(5)Total loss of active abduction at the glenohumeral joint is due to a complete tear of supraspinatus.(6) Supraspinatus tendonitis complications include leading to a rotator cuff tear. Initially, rotator cuff tears were almost identified as secondary to tendon haemorrhage and tendonitis products of untreated impingement.(7)The primary purpose of rehabilitation to achieve short-term and long-term goal, patient education and consistent plan of care. The patient's awareness on the need to take non-operative steps, improvement, and the availability of choices will assist them in being active participants in their treatment.(7)

Arthroscopic repair of partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion lesions by conversion to full-thickness tears through a small incision / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#To assess the clinical efficacy of converting partial articular supraspinatus tendon avulsion (PASTA) lesions to full-thickness tears through a small local incision of the bursal-side supraspinatus tendon followed by repair.@*METHODS@#We retrospectively analyzed 41 patients with Ellman grade 3 PASTA lesions and an average age of (54.7 ± 11.4) years from March 2013 to July 2017. Patients without regular conservative treatment and concomitant with other shoulder pathologies or previous shoulder surgery were excluded from the study. The tears were confirmed via arthroscopy, and a polydioxanone suture was placed to indicate the position of each tear. A small incision of approximately 6 mm was made using a plasma scalpel on the bursal-side supraspinatus tendon around the positioned suture to convert the partial tear into a full-thickness tear. The torn rotator cuff was sutured through the full thickness using a suture passer after inserting a 4.5-mm double-loaded suture anchor. Data were analyzed using a paired Student's t-test with statistical significance defined as p <0.05.@*RESULTS@#At the final follow-up of 2 years, the pain-free shoulder joint range of motion and visual analog scale score were significantly improved compared to those before surgery (p < 0.001). The postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons shoulder score was (90.6 ± 6.2), which was significantly higher than the preoperative score of (47.9 ± 8.3) (p < 0.001). The University of California at Los Angeles shoulder rating scale score increased from (14.7 ± 4.1) prior to surgery to (32.6 ± 3.4) points after surgery (p < 0.001). No patient had joint stiffness.@*CONCLUSION@#This modified tear completion repair, by conversion to full-thickness tears through a small incision, has less damage to the supraspinatus tendon on the side of the bursa compared to traditional tear completion repair in the treatment of PASTA lesions. This surgical method is a simple and effective treatment that can effectively alleviate pain and improve shoulder joint function.

Biomecánica de las lesiones en hombro: Revisión bibliográfica crítica desde la perspectiva médico legal laboral / Biomechanics of shoulder injuries: Critical bibliographic review from the medical-legal-occupational perspective

Resumen La base fundamental de la valoración médico legal de un individuo es establecer la relación de causalidad entre la historia narrada por el mismo y los hallazgos documentados. La biomecánica del trauma es una herramienta que permite dilucidar dicha concordancia, ya que su estudio involucra los mecanismos de trauma implicados en la génesis de las distintas lesiones. Este artículo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica y crítica de la literatura actual en materia de etiopatogenia de las lesiones en hombro por su alta incidencia laboral y capacidad de generar secuelas.

Abstract The basis of the forensic evaluation of an individual is to establish the relationship of causality between the story that has been told by the patient and the documented findings. The study of injury biomechanics is a tool that helps to clarify said concordance, since it involves the trauma mechanisms that are implied in the genesis of the different lesions. This article consists of a bibliographical revision and critique of the current literature about the etiopathogenesis of the shoulder lesions, since they are frequent in the work place and can generate sequels.

Superior Capsular Reconstruction with Fascia Lata Allograft for Irreparable Supraspinatus Tendon Tears / Reconstrução da cápsula superior com Aloenxerto de fáscia lata para Roturas irreparáveis do tendão do músculo supraespinal

Abstract Superior capsular reconstruction is a recently described procedure for the treatment of irreparable supraspinatus tendon tears. Graft options that have been previously described include autogenous fascia lata and decellularized dermal graft. No studies were published with the use of fascia lata allograft. The purpose of this technical note is to describe the surgical technique of superior capsular reconstruction using fascia lata allograft. The procedure is performed by arthroscopic visualization, with the patient positioned in the lateral decubitus position. The authors describe a technique based on the use of a double-pulley knot in the glenoid and greater tuberosity, facilitating the procedure and allowing the graft to be brought into the subacromial space in the definitive position, with the appropriate tension. The allografts are available from this institution's tissue bank, cryopreserved and submitted to microbiological and histopathological evaluation. Superior capsular reconstruction is a promising surgery. The technique described in the present technical note shows a viable arthroscopic alternative, with a smaller number of anchors when compared with other techniques.

Resumo A reconstrução da cápsula superior é um procedimento descrito recentemente para o tratamento das roturas irreparáveis do tendão do músculo supraespinal. Como opções de enxerto podemos citar o uso de fáscia lata autógena e enxerto dermal acelularizado. Nenhum estudo foi publicado com o uso de aloenxerto de fáscia lata. O objetivo desta nota é descrever a técnica cirúrgica da reconstrução da cápsula superior com aloenxerto de fáscia lata. O procedimento é feito por visão artroscópica, com o paciente posicionado em decúbito lateral. Os autores descrevem uma técnica baseada no uso do nó em dupla polia na glenoide e no tubérculo maior, que facilita o procedimento e permite que o enxerto seja levado para o espaço subacromial na posição definitiva e com a tensão adequada. Os aloenxertos usados são provenientes de banco de tecidos, onde são criopreservados e submetidos à avaliação microbiológica e histopatológica. A reconstrução da cápsula superior é uma cirurgia promissora. A técnica descrita mostra uma opção artroscópica viável, com uso de menor número de âncoras quando comparada com as demais descrições.

Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in rotator cuff pathologies

Background: Stability to the shoulder joint which has great range of motility, is provided by the rotator cuff, the coraco-acromial arch and the glenoid labrum along with the capsule and glenohumeral ligaments. The common disorders involving the rotator cuff tendons include impingement, tendinopathies and tears. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has good spatial resolution for identifying tendon edema and tears in the rotator cuff. Aim and objectives: To describe the MRI characteristics of rotator cuff pathologies. To describe the rotator cuff pathologies in terms of age, gender, symptomatology and predisposing factors among the study population. Materials and methods: The study was performed in the Department of Radiodiagnosis, NRI General Hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur from September 2015 to August 2017 and comprises of 100 patients with suspected rotator cuff pathologies who were referred for MRI shoulder. Results: The age distribution of patients with rotator cuff abnormalities was in the range of 21 and 74 years. The most commonly affected was supraspinatus tendon followed by subscapularis and infraspinatus tendons. Among the rotator cuff abnormalities the frequently encountered finding was tendinosis followed by partial tears. Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Imaging is very useful in depicting rotator cuff disease in patients with painful, weak or stiff shoulder for prompt and accurate diagnosis.

AcorrelationstudybetweenT2mappingvalueofsupraspinatuswithfattydegenerationandrotatorcufftear / 实用放射学杂志

Objective ToquantitativelystudythecorrelationbetweenT2mappingvalueofthesupraspinatuswithfattydegenerationand supraspinatustendontear.Methods From MarchtoSeptemberin2016,patientswithsupraspinatustendontearinourhospitalwere enrolled.TheT2mappingvalueofthesupraspinatuswasmeasured.Accordingtothesupraspinatustendontearclassification,patients weredividedintogroupA,BandC.ThecorrelationwasanalyzedbetweenT2mappingvalueandsupraspinatustendontear.Results 45patientswereenrolled,including30malesand15females,aged15－85years,withanaverageageof(45.4±16.6)years.Among the45shoulderjoints,12jointswereingroupA withnotendontear,14jointswereingroupBwithincompletetomoderatetear,and 19jointswereingroupCwithmosttofulllayertear.TheT2mappingvaluesofsupraspinatusingroupA,BandCwere46.0±7.0,51.5± 10.6and65.0±8.4,respectively.TheT2mappingvalueincreased withtheseverityofthesupraspinatustendontear (P＜0.001), whichwaspositivelycorrelated.Conclusion ThemeasurementofT2mappingisareliable methodforquantitativelyevaluatingthe fattydegenerationinthesupraspinatus.ThatthehigherT2mappingvalue,thehigherfatcontentinthesupraspinatusmuscle,suggests thetearofsupraspinatustendonismoreserious.T2mappingisanotheroptionalmethodforclinicaldiagnosisandprognosisevaluation oftherotatorcufftear.

Ultrasound-Guided Shoulder Injections / 대한정형외과학회잡지

The shoulder pain is one of the most common problems to orthopaedic surgeons in clinic. Among therapeutic modality used to manage this pain, joint and periarticular injection, as well as suprascapular nerve block, show good clinical outcome. Ultrasound guidance is a safe technique, increasing the safety and accuracy of the procedure and reducing complications. An accurate understanding of the surface anatomy is important in performing the ultrasound-guided shoulder injections. This article aims to describe the surface anatomy and sono anatomy of both the shoulder and the surrounding structures and also summarize different infiltration techniques and peripheral nerve blocks.

Arthroscopic repair and loosening of shoulder arthroscopy for patients with old supraspinatus tendon tears and dysfunction / 临床外科杂志

Objective To explore the effect of arthroscopic release combined with suture bridge treatment of old supraspinatus tendon tear with shoulder dysfunction.Methods 40 patients with old supraspinatus tendon tear were analyzed retrospectively.According to the operation method, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group with 20 cases each.Treatment of single row of loose strip anchor nails under arthroscope in control group, the experimental group was treated with the technique of loosening suture bridge under arthroscope.VAS score and ASES score were assessed before operation and after 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months.Range of motion (ROM) was evaluated before operation and after 12 months.The analysis of complication was also preceded.Results All patients completed 12 months of follow-up.There were no difference between experimental group and control group in ASES score (27.6±5.5 vs 27.5±3.6), VAS score (7.6±0.5 vs 7.5±0.7) and shoulder bends forward[ (83.6±12.4) °vs (80.6±14.5) °], abduction[ (75.6±8.4) °vs (72.8±9.3) °], intorsion[ (20.1±3.7) °vs (21.2±2.9) °] at pre-operation (P＞0.05).At 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months post-operation, VAS scores were 5.8±0.6, 4.2±0.5, 3.0±0.2 and 1.8±0.4 in experiment group and were 6.1±0.3, 4.4±0.6, 3.5±0.4 and 2.2±0.3 in control group, the difference was significant (P＜0.05).ASES scores were 35.8±3.6, 54.2±4.7, 73.1±3.2 and 85.8±2.6 in experiment group and were 34.1±3.3, 49.4±3.6, 69.5±2.4 and 72.2±3.1 in control group, the difference was significant (P＜0.05).After 12 months, there was a significant improvement in joint flexion, abduction, and lateral internal rotation in experimental group[ (160.4±10.2) °, (158.7±9.7) °, (48.1±5.9) °] than the control group[ (138. 4 ± 7. 2) °, (128. 7 ± 6. 5) °, (30.1 ± 4. 2) °]. No complications occurred in two groups, such as anchor loosening, pain, swelling and other complications. Conclusion Arthroscopic release combined with Suture Bridge can effectively improve the function of shoulder in patients with old supraspinatus tendon tear.

Another Assessment of Fat Degeneration of Retracted Supraspinatus Muscle

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess the relevance of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation by occupation ratio (OR) at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle. METHODS: Patients from the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital who received rotator cuff repair and underwent pre- and postoperative MRI were selected as subjects of this study. On T1-weighted MRIs, OR of fat and muscle at Y-shaped view, OR at a location on supraspinatus muscle where its diameter was maximum on coronal view, and pre- and postoperative Goutallier Classification and changes in the tangent sign were measured. Statistical significance of postoperative OR was assessed regarding time from symptom onset to surgery, size of rotator cuff tear, preoperative OR, and the difference between ORs measured at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle and Y-shaped view. RESULTS: Preoperative OR at Y-shaped view was 52.28 ± 8.57 (32.5–65.3). Preoperative OR difference between maximum diameter and Y-shaped view was 13.76 ± 10.51 (2.38–42.04), and Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.604 (p=0.001). Postoperative OR at Y-shaped view was 63.77 ± 9.35 (37.3–76.1). Pearson correlation coefficient of pre- and postoperative Goutallier Classification was −0.579 (p=0.002) and Pearson correlation coefficient of the postoperative difference between ORs measured at maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle and Y-shaped view was −0.386 (p=0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Fatty degeneration of supraspinatus muscle in rotator cuff tear patients should be evaluated not only in the conventional Y-shaped view, but also at location of maximum diameter of supraspinatus muscle to establish patients' therapeutic plan.

Quantitative Measurement of Muscle Atrophy and Fat Infiltration of the Supraspinatus Muscle Using Ultrasonography After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the utility of ultrasonography to objectively examine morphological changes (i.e., muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration) of the supraspinatus muscle. METHODS: Thirty-four patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. The degrees of muscle atrophy and fat infiltration were measured using ultrasonography 3–4 months after arthroscopic supraspinatus tendon repair. Shoulder function (i.e., shoulder active range of motion, visual analogue scale, and constant score) was examined. Using the symmetricity of the muscles in the human body, the degrees of morphological changes of the supraspinatus muscle were quantitatively measured. The associations between the morphological changes of the supraspinatus muscle and shoulder function were identified. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the cross-sectional area (CSA) and echogenicity between the surgery and non-surgery sides (p < 0.001). The CSA ratio, which represents the degree of muscle atrophy, was associated with shoulder forward flexion, external rotation, and constant score; however, the echogenicity ratio, which represents the degree of fat infiltration, was not associated with shoulder function after surgery. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that shoulder function could be predicted by evaluating the morphological changes of the supraspinatus muscle using ultrasonography and that objective evaluation is possible through quantitative measurement using the symmetricity of the human body.

Can a Single Sagittal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Slice Represent Whole Fatty Infiltration in Chronic Rotator Cuff Tears at the Supraspinatus?

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate whether fatty infiltration (FI) measured on a single sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slice can represent FI of the whole supraspinatus muscle. METHODS: This study retrospectively reviewed the MRIs of 106 patients (age 50–79 years) divided into three rotator cuff tear-size groups: medium, large, and massive. Fat mass and muscle mass on all T1-weighted sagittal MRI scans (FA and MA) were measured. Of the total MRI scans, the Y-view was defined as the most lateral image of the junction of the scapular spine with the scapular body on the oblique sagittal T1-weighted image. Fat mass and muscle mass seen on this Y-view single slice were recorded as F1 and M1, respectively. Fat mass and muscle mass were also assessed on MRI scans lateral and medial to the Y-view. The means of fat mass and muscle mass on these three slices were recorded as F3 and M3, respectively. Average FI ratios (fat mass/muscle mass) of the three assessment methods (F1/M1, FA/MA, and F3/M3) were compared. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated for inter- and intraobserver reliability. RESULTS: ICCs showed higher reliability (> 0.8) for all measurements. F1/M1 values were not statistically different from FA/MA and F3/M3 values (p > 0.05), except in males with medium and large tears. F3/M3 and FA/MA were not statistically different. The difference between F1/M1 and FA/MA did not exceed 2%. CONCLUSIONS: A single sagittal MRI slice can represent the whole FI in chronic rotator cuff tears, except in some patient groups. We recommend measurement of FI using a single sagittal MRI slice, given the effort required for repeated measurements.

Effect of a Specific Rehabilitation Program of Serratus Anterior and Lower Trapezius Muscles for Subacromial Impingement Syndrome on Subacromial Space and the Vascularity of Supraspinatus Tendon / 대한스포츠의학회지

PURPOSE: This study was designed to assess the effects of a rehabilitation program on clinical symptoms, subacromial space parameters and the supraspinatus vascularity in individuals with subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS). METHODS: Thirty-five participants (exercise group with SIS [EG]=11, non-exercise group with SIS [NEG]=10, control group [CG]=14) took part in this study. Only EG participated in 6-week rehabilitation program. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks. Changes in symptoms and functional limitations were assessed using Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire. Changes in acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and supraspinatus tendon thickness (STT)/AHD were assessed using ultrasonographic measures. Quantitative analysis of tendon blood flow was performed by determining four regions of interest with power Doppler quantification and analysis software to normalize data for interpretation of the mean ratio of colored pixel to the region of interest (vascularization index [VI]) and the intensity per pixel (flow index [FI]). RESULTS: Following the rehabilitation program, the scores on SPADI were significantly improved (p < 0.05). However, AHD, STT/AHD, VI, and FI indicated no significant difference within groups or interactions of time and group in between groups. CONCLUSION: The rehabilitation program yielded improvements in symptoms, but not in subacromial parameters and the vascularity of supraspinatus in participants with SIS.

Isolated Suprascapular Neuropathy after Acupuncture

No abstract available.

Clinical analysis on arthroscopic incomplete removal of calcifications of supraspinatus tendinitis / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To evaluate the treatment effect of the arthroscopic incomplete removal of calcifications of the supraspinatus tendinitis without acromioplasty.Methods The clinical data of 20 patients of calcified supraspinatus tendinitis with Ellman Ⅰ or Ⅱ in general hospital of Shenyang military area command from January 2014 to February 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 20 patients,4 males and 16 females,the age ranged from 45 to 62 years old,with average age (50.2 ± 6.3) years old.All the patients received removal incomplete of calcification without acromioplasty.Pre-and postoperative 3,6,9 months general situation were evaluated by the VAS score,Constant-Murley score,University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score,X-Radiographs and CT.Results The shoulder function was evidently improved in all 20 patients.The average VAS pain score was (8.2 ± 1.4) preoperatively and (0.8 ± 0.6) at the 6 months follow-up.The average Constant-Murley score was (44.6 ± 7.4) preoperatively and (95.4± 3.4) at the 6 months follow-up.The average UCLA score was (12.2 ± 3.6) preoperatively and (33.1 ± 1.4) at the 6 months follow-up.Conclusion The arthroscopic incomplete removal of calcifications of the supraspinatus tendon without acromioplasty can lead to good results with less iatrogenic injury.